Роль ПЭТ/КТ с ¹⁸F-ФДГ в диагностике рака шейки матки

Позитронная эмиссионная томография, совмещенная с компьютерной томографией (ПЭТ/КТ), доказала свою высокую информативность в диагностике различных злокачественных опухолей. При ПЭТ/КТ исследовании учитываются биологические и морфологические данные, что позволяет точно локализовать распространенность процесса и, соответственно, полноценно определить стадию заболевания. Одним из наиболее распространенных онкологических заболеваний у женщин является характеризующийся высокой смертностью рак шейки матки (РШМ). Эффективность лечения РШМ зависит от ранней диагностики, которая непосредственно связана с оценкой местной распространенности опухоли и метастатического поражения лимфатических узлов до лечения, а также выявлением рецидива заболевания. Цель работы — анализ возможностей метода ПЭТ/КТ с ¹⁸F-ФДГ и другими радиофармацевтическими лекарственными средствами (РФЛС) в диагностике РШМ, оценке эффективности терапии, а также рассмотрение перспектив применения других РФЛС в качестве биомаркеров ответа опухоли на терапию. Злокачественные новообразования шейки матки обладают высокой гликолитической активностью, поэтому применение ПЭТ/КТ с ¹⁸F-ФДГ в комплексной диагностике пациентов с РШМ превосходит другие традиционные методы визуализации, в особенности в выявлении поражения лимфатических узлов, обнаружении отдаленных метастазов. Кроме того, доказана важная роль ПЭТ/КТ в оценке эффективности лечения РШМ. Дальнейшие перспективы развития ПЭТ/КТ в визуализации злокачественного поражения шейки матки связаны с изучением возможностей применения других специфичных радиофармацевтических лекарственных средств для получения информации о биологических процессах, являющихся основой роста опухолевой клетки — метаболизме, пролиферативной активности, оксигенации.

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