Липосомы как носители лекарственных средств: классификация, методы получения и применение

Липосомы — одна из наиболее известных и перспективных наноразмерных систем доставки лекарственных средств. Липосомальные лекарственные средства успешно применяются в клинической практике для лечения сердечно-сосудистых, онкологических, дерматологических и ряда других заболеваний. Разработка и широкое внедрение липосом в клиническую практику являются актуальными задачами.

Цель работы: обобщение и анализ научных данных о структуре липосом, их составе, классификации, особенностях методов получения.

Приведена актуальная информация о коммерческих липосомальных лекарственных препаратах (ЛЛП). Показана взаимосвязь состава, структуры и способов получения липосом, важными характеристиками которых являются размер и ламеллярность, определяющие эффективность инкапсуляции лекарственного средства и его биораспределение. Выбор вспомогательных веществ проводится в зависимости от области применения липосомального препарата. Обобщены основные методы получения липосом, особенности их использования, преимущества и недостатки. Показано, что традиционные методы получения липосом просты в исполнении и не требуют использования сложного оборудования, основными недостатками традиционных методов являются низкая эффективность инкапсуляции лекарственных средств и сложность масштабирования технологических процессов. Особое внимание уделено микрофлюидным технологиям получения липосом, которые характеризуются высокой степенью контроля технологического процесса (распределения липосом по размерам и ламеллярности), высокой воспроизводимостью, возможностью масштабирования на уровень промышленного производства и могут использоваться для инкапсуляции лекарственных средств различной природы.

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