<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2026-16-2-163-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-854</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЛАВНАЯ ТЕМА: ГАРМОНИЗАЦИЯ ФАРМАКОПЕЙНЫХ СТАНДАРТОВ: ОПЫТ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAIN TOPIC: HARMONISATION OF PHARMACOPOEIAL STANDARDS: EXPERIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к дизайну исследования фармакокинетики лекарственных средств в доклинических исследованиях (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to Drug Pharmacokinetics Study Design in Preclinical Trials (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-8934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карлина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карлина Марина Валерьевна, канд. биол. наук, руководитель группы фармакокинетики, Группа научно-исследовательских институтов</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Karlina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region, 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karlina.mv@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-1935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косман</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kosman</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Косман Вера Михайловна, канд. фарм. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera M. Kosman, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region, 188663</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Марина Николаевна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Makarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region, 188663</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валерий Геннадьевич, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Valery G. Makarov, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region, 188663</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research-and-manufacturing company “HOME OF PHARMACY”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карлина М.В., Косман В.М., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карлина М.В., Косман В.М., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karlina M.V., Kosman V.M., Makarova M.N., Makarov V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/854">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/854</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В соответствии с требованиями по процедуре регистрации лекарственных препаратов (ЛП) в регистрационное досье должны быть включены данные по доклиническому изучению фармакокинетики лекарственных средств. Однако вопрос объема предоставляемых данных для различных групп препаратов, а также определение того, какие фармакокинетические процессы и их параметры на каждом этапе жизненного цикла препарата должны быть изучены, остается открытым.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ данных литературы, отечественных и зарубежных методических документов по доклиническому изучению фармакокинетики лекарственных средств для выбора оптимальной стратегии сбора данных фармакокинетики на разных этапах жизненного цикла лекарственного препарата.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Материалы исследования  — регуляторные документы, руководства по доклиническому изучению ЛП, научные статьи и иные литературные источники, находящиеся в открытом доступе (в том числе по данным электронных баз РИНЦ (eLIBRARY.RU), PubMed, Web of Science). Рассмотрены основные подходы к планированию исследований фармакокинетики для различных лекарственных препаратов (оригинальных, воспроизведенных, биологических и т.д.), включая выбор вида и количества лабораторных животных, исследуемых доз и временных точек отбора биоматериала.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Исследования фармакокинетики лекарственных препаратов на этапе доклинических исследований необходимы для оптимизации структуры молекулы действующего вещества, выбора оптимального пути введения и оптимальной лекарственной формы, прогнозирования значений фармакокинетических параметров у человека, сокращения временных затрат и рисков при разработке безопасных и эффективных лекарственных средств. Предложены дизайны исследований фармакокинетики на этапе скрининга молекул, оптимизации молекул и выбора лекарственной формы для исследований различных групп препаратов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. According to drug registration requirements, a registration dossier should include the data on preclinical trials of drug pharmacokinetics. However, the scope of data provided for various drugs groups, as well as pharmacokinetics elements to be studied at each stage of the product life cycle is still a relevant issue.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to analyze literature data, Russian and foreign guidelines on preclinical trials of drug pharmacokinetics to choose an optimal strategy of data collection at various stages of drug life cycle.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. The research materials included regulatory documents, guidelines on preclinical trials, scientific articles and other publicly available sources (including electronic RSCI databases (eLIBRARY.RU), PubMed, and Web of Science). We analyzed the main approaches to planning pharmacokinetic trials for various drugs (original, generic, biological drugs, etc.), including the type and number of laboratory animals, the doses studied and the time points of biomaterial sampling.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Preclinical pharmacokinetic trials are warranted for optimization of active pharmaceutical substance molecules, selection of the dosage form to study various drug groups, predicting pharmacokinetic parameters in humans, reducing time costs and risks when developing safe and effective drugs. Designs of pharmacokinetic trials were proposed at the stage of molecule screening, molecule optimization and selection of the drug forms for the research of various drug groups.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd><kwd>дизайн исследования</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd><kwd>оригинальный&#13;
препарат</kwd><kwd>воспроизведенный препарат</kwd><kwd>гибридный препарат</kwd><kwd>комбинированный препарат</kwd><kwd>биологический препарат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetic study designs</kwd><kwd>preclinical trials</kwd><kwd>original drug</kwd><kwd>generic drug</kwd><kwd>hybrid drug</kwd><kwd>combined preparation</kwd><kwd>biological products</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнялась без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бем АЭ, Касимова АР, Гомон ЮМ, Колбин АС. Концепция мишень-опосредованного лекарственного распределения высокомолекулярных и низкомолекулярных соединений. Лекарственный вестник. 2021;15(3):3–12. EDN: XJMBJD</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bem AE, Kasimova AR, Gomon YuM, Kolbin AS. The concept of target-mediated drug distribution of high-molecular and low-molecular compounds. Drug Bulletin. 2021;15(3):3–12 (In Russ.). EDN: XJMBJD</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rajput YK, Sahu TK. Pharmacokinetic consideration in drug development: A review. Hist Med. 2022;8(2):441–60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rajput YK, Sahu TK. Pharmacokinetic consideration in drug development: A review. Hist Med. 2022;8(2):441–60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan P. The use of preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to predict clinical doses: current and future perspectives. International Congress Series. 2001;1220:1– 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00282-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan P. The use of preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to predict clinical doses: current and future perspectives. International Congress Series. 2001;1220:1– 12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00282-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жердев ВП, Бойко СС, Шевченко РВ, Гудашева ТА. Роль фармакокинетических и биофармацевтических исследований при создании новых дипептидных лекарственных средств (экспериментальное исследование). Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2017;(1):3–10. EDN: YPJQTV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zherdev VP, Boyko SS, Shevchenko RV, Gudasheva TA. The role of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutical investigations in the creation of a new dipeptide drugs (experimental investigation). Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2017;(1):3–10 (In Russ.). EDN: YPJQTV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колыванов ГБ, Бочков ПО, Литвин АА и др. Абсолютная биодоступность соединения, обладающего кардиопротективной активностью (АЛМ-802), у крыс. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2021;(2):31–5. https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2021-2-31-35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolyvanov GB, Bochkov PO, Litvin AA, et al. Absolute bioavailability of a substance with cardioprotective activity (ALM-802) in rats. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2021;(2):31–5 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2021-2-31-35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абаимов ДА, Хуторова АВ, Сариев АК и др. Изучение базовых фармакокинетических свойств нового производного гистидин-содержащего дипептида карнозина — пирролилкарнозина. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2023;(2):29–36. https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2023-2-29-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abaimov DA, Khutorova AV, Sariev AK, et al. The pilot study of the basic pharmacokinetic properties of pyrrolylcarnosine — the new pyrrolic derivative of dipeptide carnosine. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2023;(2):29–36 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2023-2-29-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Генатуллина ГН, Ясенявская АЛ, Цибизова АА, Самотруева МА. Нанокапсулированные системы: перспективные биомедицинские инициативы в фармакологии. Антибиотики и химиотерапия. 2024;69(3–4):62–72. https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-3-4-62-72</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genatullina GN, Yasenyavskaya AL, Tsibizova AA, Samotrueva MA. Nanoencapsulated systems: Promising biomedical initiatives in pharmacology. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2024;69(3–4):62–72 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-3-4-62-72</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadav КS, Soni G, Choudhary D, et al. Microemulsions for enhancing drug delivery of hydrophilic drugs: Exploring various routes of administration. Med Drug Discov. 2023;20:100162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medidd.2023.100162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadav КS, Soni G, Choudhary D, et al. Microemulsions for enhancing drug delivery of hydrophilic drugs: Exploring various routes of administration. Med Drug Discov. 2023;20:100162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medidd.2023.100162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haripriyaa M, Suthindhiran K. Pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles: Current knowledge, future directions and its implications in drug delivery. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2023;9:113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00569-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haripriyaa M, Suthindhiran K. Pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles: Current knowledge, future directions and its implications in drug delivery. Futur J Pharm Sci. 2023;9:113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00569-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai Y, Chu X, Di L, et al. Recent advances in the translation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics science for drug discovery and development. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022;12(6): 2751–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai Y, Chu X, Di L, et al. Recent advances in the translation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics science for drug discovery and development. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022;12(6): 2751–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хушпульян ДМ, Гайсина ИН, Никулин СВ и др. Высокопроизводительный скрининг при поиске лекарств: проблемы и решения. Вecтник Московского университета. Серия 2: Химия. 2024;65(2):96–112. EDN: ARAUPF</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hushpulian DM, Gaisina IN, Nikulin SV, et al. High throughput screening in drug discovery: Problems and solutions. Vestn. Mosk. un-ta. Ser. 2. Chemistry. 2024;65(2):96–112 (In Russ.). EDN: ARAUPF</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandhya K, Ramesh Y, Penabaka V, Chandra YP. The role of pharmacokinetics in drug development. GSC Biol Pharm Sci. 2025;30(3):322–8. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.30.3.0098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandhya K, Ramesh Y, Penabaka V, Chandra YP. The role of pharmacokinetics in drug development. GSC Biol Pharm Sci. 2025;30(3):322–8. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2025.30.3.0098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reichel A, Lienau P. Pharmacokinetics in drug discovery: An exposure-centred approach to optimising and predicting drug efficacy and safety. In: Nielsch U, Fuhrmann U, Jaroch S, eds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reichel A, Lienau P. Pharmacokinetics in drug discovery: An exposure-centred approach to optimising and predicting drug efficacy and safety. In: Nielsch U, Fuhrmann U, Jaroch S, eds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2015_26</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz-Garcia A, Bermejo M, Moss A, Casabo VG. Pharmacokinetics in drug discovery. J Pharm Sci. 2008;97(2):654–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.21009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz-Garcia A, Bermejo M, Moss A, Casabo VG. Pharmacokinetics in drug discovery. J Pharm Sci. 2008;97(2):654–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.21009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">White RE. High-throughput screening in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic support of drug discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2000;40:133–57. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">White RE. High-throughput screening in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic support of drug discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2000;40:133–57. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, et al. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019;9(6): 1113–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, et al. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019;9(6): 1113–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizk ML, Zou L, Savic RM, Dooley KE. Importance of drug pharmacokinetics at the site of action. Clin Transl Sci. 2017;10(3):133–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12448</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizk ML, Zou L, Savic RM, Dooley KE. Importance of drug pharmacokinetics at the site of action. Clin Transl Sci. 2017;10(3):133–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12448</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daina A, Michielin O, Zoete V. SwissADME: A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Sci Rep. 2017;7:42717. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42717</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daina A, Michielin O, Zoete V. SwissADME: A free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules. Sci Rep. 2017;7:42717. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42717</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuntland T, Ethell B, Kosaka T, et al. Implementation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic strategies in early research phases of drug discovery and development at Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:174. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2014.00174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuntland T, Ethell B, Kosaka T, et al. Implementation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic strategies in early research phases of drug discovery and development at Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:174. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2014.00174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X, Zhou B, Gong Y, Liu Y. Investigation into the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interferon alfa-2b vaginal suppository following process optimization in Chinese rhesus macaque. Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):15932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98813-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X, Zhou B, Gong Y, Liu Y. Investigation into the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interferon alfa-2b vaginal suppository following process optimization in Chinese rhesus macaque. Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):15932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98813-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демина НБ, Бардаков АИ, Краснюк ИИ. Становление и развитие биофармацевтической доктрины создания эффективных лекарственных средств. Фармация. 2022;71(7):5–10. https://doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2022-07-01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demina NB, Bardakov AI, Krasniuk II. Formation and development of the biopharmaceutical doctrine of creating effective medicines. Pharmacy. 2022;71(7):5–10 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.29296/25419218-2022-07-01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самойлов ВМ, Савицкий МВ, Ромашкина АГ и др. Исследование фармакокинетики твердодисперсной и кристаллической форм антивирулентного средства фтортиазинон у крыс. Медико-фармацевтический журнал «Пульс». 2023;25(7):57–62. https://doi.org//10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2023-25-7-57-62</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samojlov VM, Savitskii MV, Romashkina AG, et al. Pharmacokinetics of solid dispersion and cristalline forms of the anti-virulence drug fluorothiazinon in rats. Medical &amp; Pharmaceutical Journal “Pulse”. 2023;25(7):57–62 (In Russ.). https://doi.org//10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2023-25-7-57-62</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">More SK, Pawar AP. Preparation, optimization and preliminary pharmacokinetic study of curcumin encapsulated turmeric oil microemulsion in zebra fish. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2020;155(1):105539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105539</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">More SK, Pawar AP. Preparation, optimization and preliminary pharmacokinetic study of curcumin encapsulated turmeric oil microemulsion in zebra fish. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2020;155(1):105539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105539</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali SK, Al-Akkam EJ. Comparison of pharmacokinetic characteristics of bilosomal dispersion versus pure solution of oral ropinirole hydrochloride in rats. J Fac Med Baghdad. 2024;66(2): 201–8. https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali SK, Al-Akkam EJ. Comparison of pharmacokinetic characteristics of bilosomal dispersion versus pure solution of oral ropinirole hydrochloride in rats. J Fac Med Baghdad. 2024;66(2): 201–8. https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравцова ОЮ, Дворянинов ДА, Колыванов ГБ и др. Экспериментальная фармакокинетика нового противопаркинсонического средства АДК-1113. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2024;(1):27–31. https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2024-1-27-31</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravtsova OYu, Dvoryaninov DA, Kolyvanov GB, et al. Experimental pharmacokinetics of a new antiparkinsonian drug ADK-1113. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2024;(1):27–31 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2024-1-27-31</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко СС, Колясникова КН, Жердев ВП. Сравнительное изучение фармакокинетики и энзиматической устойчивости нейропротекторного средства ГЗК-111 и ноопепта у крыс. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2022;(3):20–5. https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2022-3-20-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyko SS, Koliasnikova KN, Zherdev VP. Comparative study of pharmacokinetics and enzymatic resistance of the neuroprotective mean GZK-111 and noopept in rats. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2022;(3):20–5 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2022-3-20-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu W, Zeng R, Pan M, et al. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue distribution of MRTX1133 in rats using UHPLC-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1509319. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1509319</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu W, Zeng R, Pan M, et al. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue distribution of MRTX1133 in rats using UHPLC-MS/MS. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1509319. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1509319</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson SE, Carpenter JW, Gardhouse S, Kukanich B. Pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res. 2023;84(5):ajvr.22.11.0196. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.22.11.0196</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilson SE, Carpenter JW, Gardhouse S, Kukanich B. Pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res. 2023;84(5):ajvr.22.11.0196. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.22.11.0196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar PV, Maki MAA, Wei YS, et al. Rabbit as an animal model for pharmacokinetics studies of enteric capsule contains recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2019;14(2):132–40. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666181120103907</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar PV, Maki MAA, Wei YS, et al. Rabbit as an animal model for pharmacokinetics studies of enteric capsule contains recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2019;14(2):132–40. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666181120103907</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевченко РВ, Литвин АА, Колыванов ГБ и др. Фармакокинетика инъекционной лекарственной формы ГК-2 у кроликов. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2020;(2):17–21. https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2020-2-17-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevchenko RV, Litvin AA, Kolyvanov GB, et al. The pharmacokinetics of the injectable dosage form of GK-2 in rabbits. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2020;(2):17–21 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2020-2-17-21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weir SJ, Wood R, Schorno K, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of fosciclopirox, a novel treatment of urothelial cancers, in rats and dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2019;370(2):148–59. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.119.257972</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weir SJ, Wood R, Schorno K, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of fosciclopirox, a novel treatment of urothelial cancers, in rats and dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2019;370(2):148–59. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.119.257972</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie H, Chung J-K, Mascelli MA, McCauley TG. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a therapeutic enzyme (idursulfase) in cynomolgus monkeys after intrathecal and intravenous administration. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0122453. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie H, Chung J-K, Mascelli MA, McCauley TG. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a therapeutic enzyme (idursulfase) in cynomolgus monkeys after intrathecal and intravenous administration. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0122453. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Енгалычева ГН, Сюбаев РД. Выбор релевантных видов животных для проведения доклинических исследований безопасности лекарственных средств: обзор. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2025;13(1):31–43. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2025-460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Engalycheva GN, Syubaev RD, Relevant species selection for preclinical safety studies of medicines: A review. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2025;13(1):31–43 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2025-460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мирошников МВ, Султанова КТ, Макарова МН, Макаров ВГ. Сравнительный обзор активности ферментов системы цитохрома P450 человека и лабораторных животных. Прогностическая ценность доклинических моделей in vivo. Трансляционная медицина. 2022;9(5):44–77. https://doi.org/10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-5-44-77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miroshnikov MV, Sultanova KT, Makarova MN, Makarov VG. A comparative review of the activity of enzymes of the cytochrome P450 system in humans and laboratory animals. Prognostic value of preclinical models in vivo. Translational Medicine. 2022;9(5):44–77 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18705/2311-4495-2022-9-5-44-77</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heller AA, Lockwood SY, Janes TM, Spence DM. Technologies for measuring pharmacokinetic profiles. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2018;11(1):79–100. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heller AA, Lockwood SY, Janes TM, Spence DM. Technologies for measuring pharmacokinetic profiles. Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2018;11(1):79–100. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жердев ВП, Бойко СС, Шевченко РВ и др. Роль исследований межвидовых особенностей фармакокинетики в создании новых пептидных лекарственных средств. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2018;(1):3–23. https://doi.org/10.24411/2587-7836-2018-10001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zherdev VP, Boyko SS, Shevchenko RV, et al. The role of studies of interspecies differences pharmacokinetics in the creation of new peptide drugs. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2018;(1):3-23 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24411/2587-7836-2018-10001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng M-C, Tang W-T, Yu L-L, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxypeucedanin in rats after single intravenous and oral administration. Molecules. 2022;27(11):3570. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113570</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng M-C, Tang W-T, Yu L-L, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxypeucedanin in rats after single intravenous and oral administration. Molecules. 2022;27(11):3570. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113570</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Косман ВМ, Карлина МВ. Ретроспективная оценка вариабельности фармакокинетических параметров в зависимости от биологического вида и числа особей в экспериментальной группе. Лабораторные животные для научных исследований. 2023;6(1):60–9. https://doi.org/10.57034/2618723X-2023-01-06</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosman VM, Karlina MV. Retrospective of pharmacokinetic parameters variability in dependence on biological species and number of individuals in the experimental group. Laboratory Animals for Science. 2023;6(1):60–9 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.57034/2618723X-2023-01-06</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Czerniak R. Gender-based differences in pharmacokinetics in laboratory animal models. Int J Toxicol. 2001;20(3):161–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/109158101317097746</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Czerniak R. Gender-based differences in pharmacokinetics in laboratory animal models. Int J Toxicol. 2001;20(3):161–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/109158101317097746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kushida H, Matsumoto T, Ikarashi Y, et al. Gender differences in plasma pharmacokinetics and hepatic metabolism of geissoschizine methyl ether from Uncaria hook in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;264:113354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113354</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushida H, Matsumoto T, Ikarashi Y, et al. Gender differences in plasma pharmacokinetics and hepatic metabolism of geissoschizine methyl ether from Uncaria hook in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;264:113354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113354</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora P, Gudelsky G, Desai PB. Gender-based differences in brain and plasma pharmacokinetics of letrozole in Sprague-Dawley rats: Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to gain quantitative insights. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0248579. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248579</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arora P, Gudelsky G, Desai PB. Gender-based differences in brain and plasma pharmacokinetics of letrozole in Sprague-Dawley rats: Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to gain quantitative insights. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0248579. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248579</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смольякова ВИ, Чернышева ГА, Яновская ЕА и др. Оценка линейности фармакокинетики фенольного антиоксиданта 4-метил-2,6-диизоборнилфенола при внутрижелудочном введении. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2014;77(2):31–4. EDN: SVVPPT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smol’yakova VI, Chernysheva GA, Yanovskaya EA, et al. Evaluation of the linearity of pharmacokinetics of the phenolic antioxidant 4-methyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol upon intragastric administration. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2014;77(2):31–4 (In Russ.). EDN: SVVPPT</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кравцова ОЮ, Колыванов ГБ, Литвин АА и др. Оценка линейности фармакокинетики нейропротектора ГЗК-111. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2023;86(3):8–11. https://doi.org/10.30906/0869-2092-2023-86-01-8-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravtsova OYu, Kolyvanov GB, Litvin AA, et al. Evaluation of the linearity of neuroprotector GZK-111 pharmacokinetic. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. 2023;86(3):8–11 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30906/0869-2092-2023-86-01-8-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anizan S, Concheiro M, Lehner KR, et al. Linear pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and its metabolites in the rat: relationship to pharmacodynamic effects. Addict Biol. 2014;21(2):339–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anizan S, Concheiro M, Lehner KR, et al. Linear pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and its metabolites in the rat: relationship to pharmacodynamic effects. Addict Biol. 2014;21(2):339–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shang H, Dai X, Li M, et al. Absolute bioavailability, dose proportionality, and tissue distribution of rotundic acid in rats based on validated LC-QqQ-MS/MS method. J Pharm Anal. 2022;12(2):278–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2021.03.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shang H, Dai X, Li M, et al. Absolute bioavailability, dose proportionality, and tissue distribution of rotundic acid in rats based on validated LC-QqQ-MS/MS method. J Pharm Anal. 2022;12(2):278–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2021.03.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колыванов ГБ, Литвин АА, Кравцова ОЮ и др. Фармакокинетика потенциального противоэпилептического средства ГИЖ-298 у крыс после различных режимов дозирования. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2024;(2):57–61. https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2024-2-57-61</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolyvanov GB, Litvin AA, Kravtsova OYu, et al. Pharmacokinetics of a potential antiepileptic drug GIZh-298. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2024;(2):57–61 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2024-2-57-61</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cook CS, Zhang L, Ames GB, et al. Single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetics of eplerenone, a selective aldosterone receptor blocker, in rats. Xenobiotica. 2003;33(3):305–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0049825021000049277</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cook CS, Zhang L, Ames GB, et al. Single- and repeated-dose pharmacokinetics of eplerenone, a selective aldosterone receptor blocker, in rats. Xenobiotica. 2003;33(3):305–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0049825021000049277</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bochner F, Hooper WD, Tyrer JH, Eadie MJ. Factors involved in an outbreak of phenytoin intoxication. J Neurol Sci. 1972;16(4):481–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(72)90053-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bochner F, Hooper WD, Tyrer JH, Eadie MJ. Factors involved in an outbreak of phenytoin intoxication. J Neurol Sci. 1972;16(4):481–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510x(72)90053-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva DA, Löbenberg R, Davies N. Are excipients inert? Phenytoin pharmaceutical investigations with new incompatibility insights. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018;21(1s):29745. https://doi.org/10.18433/jpps29745</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva DA, Löbenberg R, Davies N. Are excipients inert? Phenytoin pharmaceutical investigations with new incompatibility insights. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018;21(1s):29745. https://doi.org/10.18433/jpps29745</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thakur SK, Pal R, Pandey P, et al. Approaches of drug-excipients interaction in pharmaceutical drug product formulation. World J Pharm Res. 2023;12(2):347–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thakur SK, Pal R, Pandey P, et al. Approaches of drug-excipients interaction in pharmaceutical drug product formulation. World J Pharm Res. 2023;12(2):347–66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gawari ShD, Kambale HV, Satpute VM, et al. A review: drug-excipient interactions study. Int J Novel Res Devel. 2023:8(2):b641–51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gawari ShD, Kambale HV, Satpute VM, et al. A review: drug-excipient interactions study. Int J Novel Res Devel. 2023:8(2):b641–51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panakanti R, Narang AS. Impact of excipient interactions on drug bioavailability from solid dosage forms. Pharm Res. 2012:29(10):2639–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-012-0767-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panakanti R, Narang AS. Impact of excipient interactions on drug bioavailability from solid dosage forms. Pharm Res. 2012:29(10):2639–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-012-0767-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ковальская ГН, Жукова ДЯ, Михалевич ЕН. Взаимодействие лекарственных средств для инъекционного и инфузионного применения. Сибирское медицинское обозрение. 2018;(6):12–21. https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2018-6-12-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovalskaya GN, Zhukova DYa, Mikhalevich EN. Interaction of medicines for injections and infusions. Siberian Medical Review. 2018;(6):12–21 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2018-6-12-21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Логунова ИВ, Богомолова НС, Чистяков ВВ. Экспериментальное исследование биодоступности комбинированного препарата Диоксазид. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2012;(1):29–32. EDN: RWVVCV</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logunova IV, Bogomolova NS, Chistyakov VV. Experimental study of bioavailability of the combination drug of Dioxazid. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. 2012;(1):29–32 (In Russ.). EDN: RWVVCV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu DA, You M, Ji WW, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of a recombinant humanized rabbit anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody in rabbits and monkeys. Toxicol Lett. 2018;292:73–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu DA, You M, Ji WW, et al. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of a recombinant humanized rabbit anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody in rabbits and monkeys. Toxicol Lett. 2018;292:73–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шерстобоев ЕЮ, Олейник ЛА, Жданов ВВ и др. Фармакокинетические параметры при пероральном введении пегилированного ИФН-l1. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2022;173(2):188–92. https://doi.org/10.47056/0365-9615-2022-173-2-188-192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherstoboev EYu, Oleinik LA, Zhdanov VV, et al. Pharmacokinetic parameters of oral pegylated IFN-λ1. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2022;173(2):215–218 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-022-05521-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai Y, Zhang Z, Fan K, et al. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion, and antiviral activity of pegylated recombinant human consensus interferon-α variant in monkeys, rats and guinea pigs. Regulatory Peptides. 2012;173(1–3): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai Y, Zhang Z, Fan K, et al. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, excretion, and antiviral activity of pegylated recombinant human consensus interferon-α variant in monkeys, rats and guinea pigs. Regulatory Peptides. 2012;173(1–3): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов ВВ, Петухова ОА, Филатов АВ и др. Исследование фармакокинетики биотехнологических препаратов на примере моноклональных антител. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2023;23(2):173–80. https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2023-23-2-173-180</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov VV, Petukhova OA, Filatov AV, et al. Studying the pharmacokinetics of biotechnological medicinal products on the example of monoclonal antibodies. Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2023;23(2):173–80 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2023-23-2-173-180</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryman JT, Meibohm B. Pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2017;6(9):576–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12224</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryman JT, Meibohm B. Pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2017;6(9):576–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12224</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Деркаев АА, Рябова ЕИ, Есмагамбетов ИБ и др. Кандидатный препарат на основе модифицированных однодоменных антител для терапии ботулизма, вызванного ботулиническим токсином типа А. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2025;25(1):58–70. https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2025-591</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derkaev AA, Ryabova EI, Esmagambetov IB, et al. A modified single-domain antibody candidate for the treatment of botulism caused by botulinum toxin type A. Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2025;25(1):58–70 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2025-591</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астапова ОВ, Берчатова АА. Генотерапевтические препараты: аспекты доклинического изучения безопасности. Безопасность и риск фармакотерапии. 2023;11(1):73–96. https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-1-329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astapova OV, Berchatova AA. Gene therapy medicinal products: Non-clinical safety studies. Safety and Risk of Pharmacotherapy. 2023;11(1):73–96 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2312-7821-2023-11-1-329</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Копеин ДС, Порошин ГН, Хамитов РА. Реализация концепции Quality by Design для генотерапевтического лекарственного препарата на основе аденоассоциированного вирусного вектора. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2025;25(2):141–55. https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2025-580</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopein DS, Poroshin GN, Khamitov RA. Implementation of the quality-by-design concept for an adeno-associated viral vector-based gene therapy. Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2025;25(2):141–55 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2025-580</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аляутдин РН, Романов БК, Переверзев АП и др. Алипоген типарвовек: долгая дорога к оценке отношения пользы и риска генетических препаратов. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения. 2015;(1):31–4. EDN: UBDTJH</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alyautdin RN, Romanov BK, Pereverzev AP, et al. Alipogene tiparvovec: A long journey of risk-benefit ratio assessment of gene therapy products. Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products Bulletin. 2015;(1):31–4 (In Russ.). EDN: UBDTJH</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рачинская ОА, Мельникова ЕВ, Меркулов ВА. Особенности производства и контроля качества соматотерапевтических лекарственных препаратов на основе мезенхимальных стволовых клеток. Антибиотики и химиотерапия. 2025;70(1–2):58–75. https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2025-70-1-2-58-75</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rachinskaya OA, Melnikova EV, Merkulov VA. The aspects of manufacturing and quality control of somatic medications based on mesenchymal stem cells. Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2025;70(1–2):58–75 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2025-70-1-2-58-75</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галицына ЕВ, Куликова ЕА, Павельев ЮА и др. Лекарственные препараты клеточной терапии: современное состояние исследований. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2024;24(4):428–42. https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2024-557</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galitsyna EV, Kulikova EA, Pavelyev YuA, et al. Cell-based medicinal products: A review of current research. Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2024;24(4):428–42 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/2221-996X-2024-557</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X, Guo J, Deng X, et al. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and toxicology of biosimilar APZ001 antibody in Macaca cynomolgus. Trop J Pharm Res. 2018;17(9):1885–91. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v17i9.30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X, Guo J, Deng X, et al. Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and toxicology of biosimilar APZ001 antibody in Macaca cynomolgus. Trop J Pharm Res. 2018;17(9):1885–91. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v17i9.30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подолякина АИ, Дмитриева АА, Постникова ВА и др. Оценка фармакокинетики биоаналога пертузумаба в сравнении с оригинальным препаратом у яванских макак. Российский онкологический журнал. 2024;29(3):160–70. https://doi.org/10.17816/onco636526</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Podolyakina AI, Dmitrieva AA, Postnikova VA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of pertuzumab biosimilar compared with the original drug in cynomolgus monkeys. Russian Journal of Oncology. 2024;29(3):160–70 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/onco636526</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Олефир ЮВ, Медуницын НВ, Авдеева ЖИ и др. Современные биологические/биотехнологические лекарственные препараты. Актуальные вопросы разработки и перспективы использования. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение. 2016;16(2):67–77. EDN: WAIVUX</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olefir YuV, Medunitsyn NV, Avdeeva ZhI, et al. Modern biological/biotechnological medicinal products. Topical issues and prospects for development. BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2016;16(2):67–77 (In Russ.). EDN: WAIVUX</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLachlan AJ, Adiwidjaja J. Pharmacokinetics of biologics. In: Ramzan I, ed. Biologics, biosimilars, and biobetters: An introduction for pharmacists, physicians and other health practitioners. John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119564690.ch8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLachlan AJ, Adiwidjaja J. Pharmacokinetics of biologics. In: Ramzan I, ed. Biologics, biosimilars, and biobetters: An introduction for pharmacists, physicians and other health practitioners. John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119564690.ch8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимкина ЕА, Кудрин A, Аладышева ЖИ и др. Государственное регулирование подобных биологических лекарственных препаратов для медицинского применения в Европейском Союзе. Ремедиум. 2013;(7–8):60–1. EDN: QZIHKN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksimkina EA, Kudrin A, Aladysheva ZhI, et al. State regulation of similar biologic drugs for medical use in the European Union. Remedium. 2013;(7–8):60–1 (In Russ.). EDN: QZIHKN</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луговик ИА, Бабина АВ, Арутюнян СС и др. Первый дженерик тирзепатида GP30931: физико-химическое и биологическое сходство с референтным лекарственным средством. Разработка и регистрация лекарственных средств. 2025;14(2):54–74. https://doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2025-14-2-2084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lugovik IA, Babina AV, Arutyunyan SS, et al. The first generic tirzepatide GP30931: Physicochemical and biological similarity to the reference drug. Drug Development &amp; Registration. 2025;14(2):54–74 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2025-14-2-2084</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бредер ВВ. Биоаналоги в онкологии: новые горизонты, старые проблемы. Онкогематология. 2007;2(4):78–83. EDN: MSMSBN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breder VV. Biopharmaceuticals in oncology: New horizons, but old problems. Oncohematology. 2007;(4):78–83 (In Russ.). EDN: MSMSBN</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
