vedomostiregmedРегуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средствRegulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation3034-30623034-3453Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)10.30895/1991-2919-2026-16-1-76-91vedomostiregmed-829Research ArticleДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯPRECLINICAL STUDIESНоцицептивные тесты в мультимодальной оценке боли в доклинических исследованиях (обзор)Nociceptive Tests as Part of Multimodal Pain Assessment in Preclinical Trials (Review)https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7410-8562СуровД. В.SurovD. V.

Суров Дмитрий Викторович

ул. Лесопарковая, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, 195043; ул. Академика Павлова, д. 12, лит. Д, Санкт-Петербург, 197022

Dmitry V. Surov 

4 Lesoparkovaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 195043; 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, Saint Petersburg, 197022

gniiivm_5@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8596-6469КоньшаковЮ. О.Kon’shakovJu. O.

Коньшаков Юрий Олегович, канд. мед. наук 

ул. Лесопарковая, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, 195043

Jurij O. Kon’shakov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

4 Lesoparkovaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 195043

gniiivm_5@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-341XВенгеровичН. Г.VengerovichN. G.

Венгерович Николай Григорьевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор 

ул. Лесопарковая, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, 195043; ул. Проф. Попова д. 14, лит. А, Санкт-Петербург, 197376

Nickolai G. Vengerovich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

4 Lesoparkovaya Street, Saint Petersburg, 195043; 14 Professor Popov St., Saint Petersburg 197376

gniiivm_5@mil.ruФедеральное государственное учреждение «Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации ; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Институт экспериментальной медицины»РоссияState Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine; Institute of Experimental MedicineRussian FederationФедеральное государственное учреждение «Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской ФедерацииРоссияState Research Testing Institute of Military MedicineRussian FederationФедеральное государственное учреждение «Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияState Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine; Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical UniversityRussian Federation2026070320261617691Copyright © Суров Д.В., Коньшаков Ю.О., Венгерович Н.Г., 20262026Суров Д.В., Коньшаков Ю.О., Венгерович Н.Г.Surov D.V., Kon’shakov J.O., Vengerovich N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/829ВВЕДЕНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ. В настоящее время доклиническая разработка анальгетических препаратов в значительной степени ограничена валидностью моделей и методов оценки боли. Для преодоления трансляционного барьера при разработке обезболивающих средств необходимы ревизия существующих методов оценки болевой чувствительности и разработка новых подходов, которые включают исследование не только рефлекторного, но и аффективного компонента боли.

ЦЕЛЬ

ЦЕЛЬ. Систематизация современных представлений о методах оценки боли у лабораторных животных и определение критериев их применимости в доклинических исследованиях новых анальгетиков.

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ

ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Обзор основан на анализе 75 научных публикаций (оригинальные исследования и систематические обзоры за последние 35 лет). Боль — многомерный феномен, включающий сенсорно-дискриминационный и аффективно-мотивационный компоненты. Стандартные ноцицептивные тесты характеризуются высокой оценочной эффективностью в отношении сенсорной гиперчувствительности, но оказываются недостаточно чувствительными для изучения хронической боли, в основе которой лежит аффективный компонент. Менее широко используемые нерефлекторные методы (шкала гримас, ультразвуковая вокализация, тест рытья нор) хотя и позволяют оценивать аффективный компонент, часто обладают низкой специфичностью и недостаточно валидированы на различных моделях боли. Комбинированный, полимодальный подход повышает объективность, воспроизводимость и трансляционную предиктивность доклинических исследований на пути к разработке новых анальгетиков.

ВЫВОДЫ

ВЫВОДЫ. Ноцицептивные тесты являются инструментом оценки эффективности обезболивающих средств как в рамках первичного скрининга, так и на этапе доклинических исследований. Стандартные ноцицептивные тесты не позволяют оценить аффективный компонент боли, поэтому разработка новых обезболивающих препаратов требует включения в программу доклинических исследований нерефлекторных методов оценки боли. Совместное использование рефлекторных и нерефлекторных методов оценки боли является основой разработки новых исследовательских стратегий в доклинических исследованиях.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. Currently, preclinical development of analgetic drugs is facing a large number of obstacles, mostly due to the limited validity of models and methods for pain assessment. To overcome the translational barrier in the development of analgetics, it is necessary to revise the existing methods for assessing pain sensitivity and develop new approaches that include both the study of reflexive and affective pain component.

AIM

AIM. This study aimed to systematize a contemporary view of pain assessment methods in laboratory animals and develop applicability criteria in preclinical trials of new analgesics.

DISCUSSION

DISCUSSION. The literature review included 75 references, among them original research and systematic reviews over the past 35 years. Pain is a multidimensional phenomenon that includes sensory, discriminatory and affective-motivational components. Standard nociceptive tests effectively evaluate sensory hypersensitivity, however, they are not sensitive enough when studying chronic pain based on an affective component. Less widely used non-reflexive methods (grimace scale, ultrasound vocalization, burrowing test) allow assessing the affective component; still, they have low specificity and are insufficiently validated for various pain models. A combined, polymodal approach enhances the objectivity, reproducibility, and translational predictivity of preclinical research towards the development of new analgetics.

CONCLUSIONS

CONCLUSIONS. Nociceptive tests are a tool for assessing efficacy of anesthetics both at a primary screening and in preclinical trials. Standard nociceptive tests do not allow assessing affective pain component, thus development of new anesthetics necessitates an introduction of non-reflexive pain assessment in the preclinical trials. A combination of reflexive and non-reflexive pain assessment methods is a base for new research strategies in preclinical trials.

больноцицептивная системаноцицепцияноцицептивные тестытест фон Фреятест отдергивания хвостатест горячая пластинашкала гримасультразвуковая вокализацияэтологический анализповеденческий анализдоклинические исследованиятрансляционные исследованияpainnociceptive systemnociceptionnociceptive testsvon Frey testtail flick testhot plate testgrimace scaleultrasonic vocalizationbehavioral analysispreclinical trialstranslational studiesРабота выполнена без спонсорской поддержки.The study was performed without external funding.ReferencesVierck CJ. Animal studies of pain: lessons for drug development. In: Campbell JN, ed. Emerging strategies for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Seattle: IASP Press; 2006. P. 475–95.Vierck CJ. Animal studies of pain: lessons for drug development. In: Campbell JN, ed. Emerging strategies for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Seattle: IASP Press; 2006. P. 475–95.Hill R. NK1 (substance P) receptor antagonists — why are they not analgesic in humans? 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.