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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2025-15-6-672-681</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-820</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>QUALITY CONTROL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение бета-глюканов и пептидогликанов в лекарственных препаратах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Identifying beta-glucans and peptidoglycans in medicinal products</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-7769</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаповалова Ольга Владимировна, канд. фарм. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Shapovalova, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shapovalova@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-952X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неугодова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neugodova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Неугодова Наталия Петровна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Neugodova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neugodova@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение &#13;
«Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» &#13;
Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>672</fpage><lpage>681</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаповалова О.В., Неугодова Н.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаповалова О.В., Неугодова Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shapovalova O.V., Neugodova N.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/820">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/820</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Бета-глюканы и пептидогликаны — компоненты клеточных стенок бактерий и грибов, которые могут являться источниками пирогенных загрязнений лекарственных препаратов парентерального применения. Присутствие подобных примесей может приводить к неблагоприятным иммунным реакциям, поэтому контролю присутствия бета-глюканов и пептидогликанов в лекарственных средствах уделяют определенное внимание. Унифицированный подход к обнаружению бета-глюканов и (или) пептидогликанов в фармацевтической отрасли отсутствует; практическое применение имеют несколько методов качественного и количественного определения этих примесей.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка практической значимости существующих методов обнаружения бета-глюканов и (или) пептидогликанов в лекарственных препаратах.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Исследована возможность применения методов определения бета-глюканов и пептидогликанов с использованием реактива на основе лизата амебоцитов и реактива из плазмы личинок шелкопряда. Содержание бета-глюканов определяли в лекарственном препарате «Бупивакаин», в котором бета-глюканы были обнаружены ранее случайным образом. В испытаниях препарата использовали три типа реактивов на основе лизата амебоцитов разного состава, реагирующих: на бактериальные эндотоксины и бета-глюканы (лизат с факторами С и G); только на бактериальные эндотоксины (лизат с фактором С); только на бета-глюканы (лизат с фактором G). Наличие пептидогликанов оценивали в лекарственном препарате «Икодекстрин» с помощью реактива из плазмы личинок шелкопряда. Качественный анализ выполняли путем визуальной оценки окраски испытуемых растворов после нагревания их в суховоздушном термоблоке. Количественное определение проводили кинетическим фотоколориметрическим методом, обработку первичных данных выполняли с использованием программной среды R.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В результате испытаний с реактивами лизата амебоцитов (факторы С и G) и (фактор С) определено присутствие бета-глюканов в препарате «Бупивакаин»; количественное содержание бета-глюканов (более 2000 пг/мл) определено хромогенным кинетическим методом с помощью лизата амебоцитов (фактор G). В препарате «Икодекстрин» превышения нормативного содержания пептидогликанов (не более 200 пг/мл) не зафиксировано.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Методы определения бета-глюканов и (или) пептидогликанов с использованием лизата амебоцитов и реактива из плазмы личинок шелкопряда могут быть применены для выявления данных примесей в лекарственных препаратах. При определении метода исследования следует учитывать состав лекарственного препарата и цель определения примесей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Beta-glucans and peptidoglycans are cell wall components of bacteria and fungi that are potential sources of pyrogenic contamination of parenteral medicines. Such impurities can cause adverse immune reactions. Therefore, recently, certain attention has been paid to identification of beta-glucans and peptidoglycans in medicines. Despite the lack of a harmonised detection method for beta-glucans and/or peptidoglycans, pharmaceutical industry uses several methods for identification and quantitation of these impurities.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to assess applicability of the existing detection methods for beta-glucans and / or peptidglycans in the medicinal products.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. Applicability of detection was examined for beta-glucans and peptidoglycans using amoebocyte lysate and silkworm larvae plasma as reagents. Beta-glucans were detected in Bupivacaine, the product that was previously found to have random glucan impurities. In the drug tests, three types of amoebocyte lysate reagents of different compositions were used reacting to 1) bacterial endotoxins and beta-glucans (lysate with factors C and G); 2) only bacterial endotoxins (lysate with factor C); 3) only beta-glucans (lysate with factor G). Peptidoglycans in Icodextrin were assessed using a reagent from the silkworm larvae plasma. For qualitative analysis, colour of the test solutions was visually assessed after heating them in a dry-air block heater. Kinetic photocolorimetric method was used for quantitation; the primary data were processed using R software.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. As a result of two tests with amoebocyte lysate reagents (factors C and G) and (factor C), beta-glucans were detected in Bupivacaine. Chromogenic kinetic method using amoebocyte lysate (factor G) quantified the impurity, which exceeded 2,000 pg/mL. For Icodextrin, peptidoglycan reference content (not more than 200 pg/mL) was not exceeded.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Identification methods for beta-glucans and/or peptidoglycans using amoebocyte lysate and silkworm plasma are applicable for identifying these impurities in the medicinal products. While choosing a study method, product composition and analytical purpose are to be considered.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пирогенные примеси</kwd><kwd>бактериальные эндотоксины</kwd><kwd>пептидогликаны</kwd><kwd>бета-глюканы</kwd><kwd>эндотоксин специфичный буфер</kwd><kwd>лизат амебоцитов</kwd><kwd>фактор С</kwd><kwd>фактор G</kwd><kwd>плазма личинок шелкопряда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pyrogenic impurities</kwd><kwd>bacterial endotoxins</kwd><kwd>peptidoglycans</kwd><kwd>beta-glucans</kwd><kwd>endotoxin-specific buffer</kwd><kwd>amebocyte lysate</kwd><kwd>factor C</kwd><kwd>factor G</kwd><kwd>silkworm larvae plasma</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00001-25-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР 124022300127-0).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products as part of the applied research funded under State Assignment No. 056-00001-25-00 (R&amp;D Registry No. 124022300127-0).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ławniczek-Wałczyk A, Górny RL. 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