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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2026-16-1-57-65</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-819</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗРАБОТКА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование профиля высвобождения и выживаемости бифидобактерий из микрокапсул на основе альгината натрия и хитозана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sodium Alginate–Chitosan Microcapsules: Release Profile and Viability of Encapsulated Bifidobacteria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3062-1855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюшков</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryushkov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрюшков Павел Александрович </p><p>ул. Проф. Попова, д. 14, Санкт-Петербург, 197376</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Andryushkov</p><p>14 Professor Popov St., Saint Petersburg 197376</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andryushkov.pavel@pharminnotech.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8049-6207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марченко Алексей Леонидович, канд. фарм. наук, доцент </p><p>ул. Проф. Попова, д. 14, Санкт-Петербург, 197376</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei L. Marchenko, Cand. Sci. (Pharm.), Associate Professor</p><p>14 Professor Popov St., Saint Petersburg 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1539-8013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Т. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>T. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черных Татьяна Федоровна, д-р фарм. наук, профессор </p><p>ул. Проф. Попова, д. 14, Санкт-Петербург, 197376</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana F. Chernykh, Dr. Sci. (Pharm.), Professor</p><p>14 Professor Popov St., Saint Petersburg 197376</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>65</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андрюшков П.А., Марченко А.Л., Черных Т.Ф., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрюшков П.А., Марченко А.Л., Черных Т.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andryushkov P.A., Marchenko A.L., Chernykh T.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/819">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/819</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Пероральное применение пробиотиков затруднено ввиду их низкой выживаемости в агрессивной среде желудочно-кишечного тракта. Микрокапсулирование в альгинат-хитозановой системе позволяет защитить бактериальные клетки и обеспечить их доставку в толстый кишечник. В настоящее время недостаточно изучено влияние условий покрытия альгинатных микрокапсул хитозаном и соотношение профилей высвобождения модельных субстанций к выживаемости микрокапсулированных пробиотиков; решение требует экспериментального сопоставления параметров покрытия, размера микрокапсул и их влияния на высвобождение и КОЕ.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Сформировать методические рекомендации для разработки лекарственных форм пробиотических культур на примере Bifidobacterium bifidum.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Использованы 2% раствор альгината натрия с метамизолом натрия (2%) или бифидобактериями (2,5×10⁶/1,25×10⁶ КОЕ/мл), который экструдировали в 5% CaCl2 с последующим покрытием микрокапсул хитозаном (0,4%, pH 6,0) путем выдержки в растворе хитозана 0–1080 мин; экструзия через иглы 0,16 и 1,8 мм; тест растворения с изменением pH без замены среды; количественное определение метамизола натрия методом УФ-спектрофотометрии (λ = 258 нм); выживаемость — подсчет количества КОЕ методом посева на питательной среде МРС-5.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Покрытие микрокапсул хитозаном уже при 15 мин выдержки в растворе существенно снижало раннее высвобождение метамизола натрия, при последующем увеличении времени выдержки микрокапсул в растворе хитозана изменения были несущественны. Выживаемость бифидобактерий: игла 0,16 мм без покрытия &lt;1%; игла 0,16 мм с покрытием ~20% (при введении в обоих случаях бифидобактерий в микрокапсулы в количестве 0,5×10⁹ КОЕ); игла 1,8 мм с покрытием ~50% при введении бифидобактерий в микрокапсулы в количестве 0,5×10⁹ КОЕ и ~80% при введении бифидобактерий в микрокапсулы в количестве 1×10⁹ КОЕ.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Кратковременная выдержка микрокапсул в хитозане формирует функциональный барьер, уменьшающий преждевременное высвобождение содержимого и повышающий выживаемость микрокапсулированных пробиотиков; увеличение размера микрокапсул значительно повышает их защитные свойства. Для промышленной технологии микрокапсулирования пробиотиков рекомендуется покрытие хитозаном с выдержкой ~15 мин (0,4% хитозана, pH 6,0) как базовые условия. Для достижения максимальной выживаемости и удобства дозирования предпочтительно использование больших игл для экструзии с последующей упаковкой, защищающей от влаги и кислорода (Alu/Alu блистеры или флаконы с влагопоглотителем).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Oral administration of probiotics is limited by their low viability while passing through the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Microencapsulation in the alginate–chitosan system makes it possible to protect bifidobacterial cells and ensure their delivery to the large intestine. However, the effect of chitosan coating on alginate microcapsules and the relationship between the release profiles of model compounds and the viability of encapsulated probiotics remain understudied; this necessitates an experimental comparison of coating parameters, microcapsule size, and their effects on release kinetics and colony-forming unit (CFU) recovery.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to develop guidelines for the design of probiotic dosage forms using Bifidobacterium bifidum as a case.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERIALS AND METHODS. A 2% sodium alginate solution containing either sodium metamizole (2%) or bifidobacteria (2.5×106/1.25×106 CFU/mL) was extruded into a 5% CaCl2 solution to form microcapsules subsequently coated with chitosan (0.4%, pH 6.0) by 0–1,080 min exposure to the coating solution. Capsules were produced using 0.16 and 1.8 mm needles. Dissolution test with stepwise pH change was performed without media replacement; sodium metamizole release was quantified by UV spectrophotometry (λ = 258 nm); bifidobacterial viability was assessed by counting CFU cultivated on MRS-5 agar.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. After only 15 min of exposure, chitosan coating markedly reduced early sodium metamizole release in the dissolution test, while further coating produced no relevant additional changes. Bifidobacterial viability was as follows: 0.16 mm needles, without coating, &lt;1%; 0.16 mm needles, with coating, ≈20%; 1.8 mm needles, with coating, ≈50%, at an initial load of 0,5×109 CFU per batch of microcapsules, and ≈80% at 1×109 CFU.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Short-term exposure of alginate microcapsules in chitosan forms a functional barrier that reduces premature release and increases the viability of microencapsulated probiotics; increasing capsule size further enhances the protective properties of the delivery system. Recommended baseline conditions for large-scale probiotic microencapsulation include chitosan coating with ~15 min exposure (0.4% chitosan, pH 6.0). Large extrusion needles and the final-product package with the high water and oxygen barrier (Alu-Alu blisters or dessicated bottles) is a preferred option for maximum viability and convenient dosing.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>микрокапсулирование</kwd><kwd>альгинат натрия</kwd><kwd>хитозан</kwd><kwd>метамизол натрия</kwd><kwd>бифидобактерии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>microencapsulation</kwd><kwd>sodium alginate</kwd><kwd>chitosan</kwd><kwd>sodium metamizole</kwd><kwd>bifidobacteria</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Раскина КВ, Мартынова ЕЮ, Фатхутдинов ИР, Потешкин ЮЕ. 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