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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2025-15-3-278-288</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-746</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: КУРС НА ТРАНСЛЯЦИОННОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL TRIALS: A COURSE TOWARDS TRANSLATIONALITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка функционального состояния органов кроветворения в токсикологических исследованиях лекарственных препаратов: обзор. Часть 1. Органы кроветворения лабораторных животных. Механизмы развития гематотоксичности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of functional safety of blood forming organs in research of toxicological properties of medicinal products (Review). Part 1. Features of the hematopoietic organs of laboratory animals. Mechanisms of hematotoxicity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-5741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаустова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Faustova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фаустова Наталья Михайловна, канд. хим. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н,Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia M. Faustova, Cand. Sci. (Chem.) </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">faustova.nm@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-3442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салопонова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saloponova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салопонова Алина Ериковна </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н,Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina E. Saloponova</p><p> 3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saloponova.ae@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-3242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошников</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnikov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирошников Михаил Владимирович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н,Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Michail V. Miroshnikov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p> 3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miroshnikov.mv@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Марина Николаевна, д-р мед. наук </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н,Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Makarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.) </p><p> 3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarova.mn@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валерий Геннадиевич, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н,Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery G. Makarov, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p> 3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">makarov.vg@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research-and-manufacturing company “HOME OF PHARMACY”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>278</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фаустова Н.М., Салопонова А.Е., Мирошников М.В., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фаустова Н.М., Салопонова А.Е., Мирошников М.В., Макарова М.Н., Макаров В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Faustova N.M., Saloponova A.E., Miroshnikov M.V., Makarova M.N., Makarov V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/746">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/746</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Кровь содержит наибольшее количество активных клеток организма и одновременно является основной мишенью для потенциально токсичных веществ. Перечень биохимических и гематологических параметров, обязательных для контроля у лабораторных животных в ходе доклинических исследований (ДКИ) токсичности, содержащийся в нормативных документах Российской Федерации и международных рекомендациях, недостаточен для прогноза и оценки механизма развития лекарственно-индуцированной гематотоксичности in vivo. Обзор новых данных по этому вопросу и обновление перечня биомаркеров позволит расширить возможности контроля за состоянием лабораторных животных, повысить чувствительность и специфичность оценки токсического воздействия на кроветворение в ДКИ, что будет способствовать повышению безопасности лекарственных средств и эффективности терапии. Обзор состоит из двух частей.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Выявление различий органов кроветворения человека и лабораторных животных для разработки рекомендаций по включению показателей для оценки гематотоксичности при проведения доклинических исследований in vivo.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. В первой части обзора охарактеризованы органы кроветворения теплокровных млекопитающих и показаны принципиальные их различия у лабораторных животных и человека. Выделены основные механизмы развития гематотоксичности лекарственных средств: цитотоксическое воздействие на гемопоэтические клетки-предшественники; прямое повреждение зрелых клеток; косвенное повреждение клеток крови или костного мозга вследствие нежелательных иммунных реакций и изменения активности рецепторов клеточной поверхности; изменение активности ферментных систем, необходимых для нормального функционирования клеток; приведены примеры гематотоксического действия лекарственных средств. Обобщены данные по показателям клинического анализа крови 8 видов лабораторных животных: грызунов (мышь, крыса, хомяк, морская свинка) и негрызунов (кролик, макака, карликовая свинья, хорек).</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Особенности строения и состава тканей и органов кроветворения лабораторных животных по сравнению с человеком могут привести к существенным отличиям токсикологического профиля лекарственного средства, полученного в ДКИ. Клинический анализ крови позволяет оценить значительное количество проявлений гематотоксичности лекарственных средств, оказывающих непосредственное влияние на клетки крови и их предшественников. Однако при косвенном влиянии лекарственного средства (через ферментные системы, воздействие на клетки-предшественники, появление антител и др.) этих данных недостаточно, и для повышения прогностической ценности ДКИ необходимо использование дополнительных биомаркеров.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. The blood contains a large quantity of active cells of the organism and is a basic target for potentially toxic substances. The regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and international recommendations provide a list of mandatory biochemical and hematological parameters, but they are insufficient for predicting drug-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo during preclinical studies. A review of new data on this issue and an update of the list of biomarkers will expand the capabilities for monitoring the condition of laboratory animals, enhance the sensitivity and specificity of assessing toxic effects on hematopoiesis in preclinical studies, and thereby contribute to improving the safety of medicinal products and the effectiveness of therapy. The review consists of two parts.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. The study aimed to identify the differences between the hematopoietic organs of humans and laboratory animals in order to develop recommendations for preclinical studies using animal blood as a biomaterial.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. The first part of the review shows the characteristics of the hematopoietic organs of humans and laboratory animals, indicating their characteristics compared to humans. It is discussed of mechanisms of hemotoxicity of various medicinal products. The paper discusses the mechanisms of development of hematotoxicity of drugs, among which 4 main ones can be distinguished: cytotoxic effects on hematopoietic progenitor cells; direct damage to mature cells;  indirect damage to blood or bone marrow cells due to undesirable immune reactions against and changes in the activity of cell surface receptors; change in the activity of enzyme systems necessary for the normal functioning of cells. Data on clinical blood analysis parameters of 8 species of laboratory animals: rodents (mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig) and non-rodents (rabbit, macaque, pygmy pig, ferret) are summarized.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. Some features in the structure and function of the hematopoietic organs compared to humans can lead to significant differences in the toxicological profile of the drug. It should be noted that a clinical blood test allows us to assess a significant number of manifestations of hematotoxicity of drugs that directly affect blood cells and their precursors. With an indirect effect of the medicinal product (through enzyme systems, effect on progenitor cells, appearance of antibodies, etc.), these data are insufficient and the use of additional markers is necessary in order to increase the predictive value of preclinical studies and the comparability of data with clinical studies.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кровь</kwd><kwd>органы кроветворения</kwd><kwd>гематотоксичность</kwd><kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd><kwd>клинический анализ крови</kwd><kwd>показатели</kwd><kwd>грызуны</kwd><kwd>негрызуны</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd><kwd>клиническая гематология</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>ветеринария</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blood</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic organs</kwd><kwd>hematotoxicity</kwd><kwd>developmental mechanisms</kwd><kwd>laboratory animals</kwd><kwd>parameters</kwd><kwd>rodents</kwd><kwd>non-rodents</kwd><kwd>preclinical studies</kwd><kwd>clinical hematology</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>veterinary science</kwd><kwd>hematologic tests</kwd><kwd>blood cells</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kola I, Landis J. 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