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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2025-15-3-262-277</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-732</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: КУРС НА ТРАНСЛЯЦИОННОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL TRIALS: A COURSE TOWARDS TRANSLATIONALITY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерпретация данных токсикологических исследований лекарственных средств при определении дозы, не вызывающей видимых нежелательных эффектов (NOAEL)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interpretation of toxicological research data in establishing the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for medicinal products</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крышень</surname><given-names>К. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryshen</surname><given-names>K. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крышень Кирилл Леонидович, канд. биол. наук </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill L. Kryshen, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kryshen.kl@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-991X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущин</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchin</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гущин Ярослав Александрович</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav A. Gushchin</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-5741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаустова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Faustova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фаустова Наталья Михайловна, канд. хим. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia M. Faustova, Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-0378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гущина Светлана Валерьевна </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Gushchina</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-0200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устенко</surname><given-names>Ж. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustenko</surname><given-names>Zh. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Устенко Жанна Юрьевна, канд. вет. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna Yu. Ustenko, Cand. Sci. (Vet.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3203-9869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кательникова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katelnikova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кательникова Анастасия Евгеньевна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya E. Katelnikova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-8335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанова</surname><given-names>К. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanova</surname><given-names>K. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Султанова Кира Тимуровна, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira T. Sultanova, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7478-4942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матичин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matichin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матичин Александр Алексеевич </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аlexandr А. Matichin</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-3963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вавилова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vavilova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вавилова Валерия Александровна </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria А. Vavilova</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6573-3112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муразов</surname><given-names>Я. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murazov</surname><given-names>Ya. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муразов Ярослав Геннадьевич, канд. биол. наук </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav G. Murazov, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-3242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошников</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshnikov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирошников Михаил Владимирович, канд. мед. наук </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Мikhail V. Miroshnikov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0740-9357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалева Мария Александровна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Мariya А. Kovaleva, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шубин Дмитрий Валерьевич</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy V. Shubin</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Валерий Геннадьевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy G. Makarov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3176-6386</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макарова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макарова Марина Николаевна, д-р мед. наук </p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский р-н, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Мarina N. Makarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research-and-manufacturing company “HOME OF PHARMACY”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>277</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крышень К.Л., Гущин Я.А., Фаустова Н.М., Гущина С.В., Устенко Ж.У., Кательникова А.Е., Султанова К.Т., Матичин А.А., Вавилова В.А., Муразов Я.Г., Мирошников М.В., Ковалева М.А., Шубин Д.В., Макаров В.Г., Макарова М.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крышень К.Л., Гущин Я.А., Фаустова Н.М., Гущина С.В., Устенко Ж.У., Кательникова А.Е., Султанова К.Т., Матичин А.А., Вавилова В.А., Муразов Я.Г., Мирошников М.В., Ковалева М.А., Шубин Д.В., Макаров В.Г., Макарова М.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryshen K.L., Gushchin Y.A., Faustova N.M., Gushchina S.V., Ustenko Z.Y., Katelnikova A.E., Sultanova K.T., Matichin A.A., Vavilova V.A., Murazov Y.G., Miroshnikov M.V., Kovaleva M.A., Shubin D.V., Makarov V.G., Makarova M.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/732">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/732</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Токсикологические исследования лекарственных средств на лабораторных животных — обязательный этап оценки риска применения лекарственных средств, направленный на выявление токсических эффектов, их потенциальной обратимости и зависимости от дозы и (или) системной экспозиции. Основным количественным результатом токсикологических исследований является доза, не вызывающая видимых нежелательных эффектов (NOAEL). Ключевым практическим применением NOAEL является выбор стартовой дозы для ранних фаз клинических исследований. Для выбора NOAEL необходимо четко определить, какие именно изменения следует считать нежелательными. Дизайн токсикологического исследования является сложным и включает в себя широкий спектр оцениваемых параметров: физиологических, инструментальных, клинико-лабораторных, патоморфологических. По окончании эксперимента накапливается большой массив данных, который требуется проанализировать и дать научно обоснованную оценку обнаруженным изменениям.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Разработка комплексного подхода к интерпретации данных токсикологических исследований лекарственных средств, направленного на повышение объективности при установлении дозы NOAEL.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Ввиду отсутствия терминологической строгости в описании дозы NOAEL в работе предпринята попытка по унификации этого термина. Отдельное внимание уделено вопросу биологической значимости наблюдаемых изменений, а также описанию критериев для определения их нежелательности. Разработанная схема интерпретации экспериментальных данных включает три последовательных этапа: анализ взаимосвязи между наблюдаемым эффектом и введением тестируемого объекта; оценка размера эффекта и (или) степени изменений; определение характера выявленных изменений с точки зрения их нежелательности, включая оценку их обратимости, фармакодинамической приемлемости, возможности развития адаптационной реакции и др. Ключевым элементом предложенной методологии является принцип весомости доказательств (Weight-of-Evidence), который позволяет ранжировать выявленные нежелательные эффекты по их значимости и интегрировать их в единую систему оценки.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Разработанный комплексный подход, основанный на многофакторном анализе данных (включая количественные и качественные показатели) и принципе оценки весомости доказательств, может повысить объективность оценки наблюдаемых эффектов и определении дозы, не вызывающей видимых нежелательных эффектов (NOAEL).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Toxicological studies of new pharmaceuticals in laboratory animals represent an obligatory stage in drug risk assessment, designed to identify toxic effects, their potential reversibility, and dependence on dose and/or systemic exposure. The primary quantitative outcome of these studies is the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), whose key practical application involves determining the starting dose for early-phase human clinical trials. The very definition of NOAEL raises the fundamental question: which experimental changes should be classified as adverse? Toxicology study designs are complex, incorporating a comprehensive range of evaluation parameters including physiological, instrumental, clinical laboratory, and pathological morphological assessments. Upon study completion, researchers accumulate extensive datasets requiring rigorous scientific analysis and evidence-based interpretation of all detected changes.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for interpreting toxicological data to enhance objectivity in NOAEL determination.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. Due to the lack of terminological rigor in describing the NOAEL dose, the present work attempts to unify this term. Particular attention is given to the issue of biological significance of observed changes, as well as the description of criteria for determining their adversity. The developed scheme for interpreting experimental data encompasses three consecutive stages: analysis of the relationship between the observed effect and the administration of the test object; assessment of the effect size and/or degree of changes; determination of the nature of the identified changes in terms of their adversity, including evaluation of their reversibility, pharmacodynamic acceptability, potential for developing an adaptive response, and others. The cornerstone of the proposed methodology is the Weight-of-Evidence principle, which enables ranking of identified adverse effects according to their significance and their integration into a unified assessment system.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. The developed integrated approach, based on multifactorial data analysis (including quantitative and qualitative indicators) and the Weight-of-Evidence assessment principle, can enhance the objectivity of evaluating observed effects and determining the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токсикологические исследования</kwd><kwd>лабораторные животные</kwd><kwd>биологическая значимость</kwd><kwd>нежелательные эффекты</kwd><kwd>доза</kwd><kwd>не вызывающая видимых нежелательных эффектов</kwd><kwd>NOAEL</kwd><kwd>принцип оценки весомости доказательств</kwd><kwd>доклинические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toxicological studies</kwd><kwd>laboratory animals</kwd><kwd>biological significance</kwd><kwd>adverse effects</kwd><kwd>NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level)</kwd><kwd>Weight-of-Evidence principle</kwd><kwd>preclinical studies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palazzi X, Burkhardt JE, Caplain H, Dellarco V, Fant P, Foster JR, et al. 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