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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2024-656</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-656</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ: РАЗРАБОТКА, КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА, АНТИБИОТИКОРЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS: DEVELOPMENT, QUALITY CONTROL, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование устойчивости микроорганизмов в эксперименте in vitro: метод адаптивной лабораторной эволюции (обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antimicrobial Resistance Development In Vitro: Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Method (Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1571-6549</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровкова</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovkova</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боровкова Кристина Евгеньевна</p><p>Заводская ул., д. 3, к. 245, г.п. Кузьмоловский, Всеволожский район, Ленинградская обл., 188663</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina E. Borovkova</p><p>3/245 Zavodskaya St., Kuzmolovsky urban-type settlement, Vsevolozhsky district, Leningrad region 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borovkova.ke@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение&#13;
«ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research-and-manufacturing company “HOME OF PHARMACY”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боровкова К.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боровкова К.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borovkova K.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/656">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/656</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Высокие темпы возникновения и распространения резистентности микроорганизмов к антибиотикам обуславливают необходимость быстрой разработки новых антибактериальных препаратов. Оценка способности микроорганизмов формировать устойчивость к разрабатываемым антибактериальным препаратам в контролируемых условиях in vitro позволяет экономить ресурсы при разработке и регистрации препарата, а также создавать наиболее эффективные препараты.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка возможности использования метода адаптивной лабораторной эволюции при изучении формирования устойчивости микроорганизмов.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Одним из методов оценки механизмов резистентности и выяснения влияния препаратов на эволюцию устойчивости бактерий к антибактериальным препаратам является тест «Адаптивная лабораторная эволюция» (adaptive laboratory evolution — ALE). Исследования ALE проводятся в контролируемых условиях с длительным воздействием антибактериального агента на микроорганизмы. Постановка эксперимента ALE проводится различными способами путем серийного переноса микроорганизмов в жидкой среде, путем переноса колоний на чашках или непрерывным культивированием в хемостате. Протоколы ALE используются для развития устойчивости к различным антибактериальным агентам и требуют тщательного контроля условий эксперимента, которые могут повлиять на развитие устойчивости у микроорганизмов (концентрация антибактериального агента, количество последовательных пассажей, длительность инкубации и т.п.).</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Формирование устойчивости микроорганизмов может быть достигнуто при соблюдении следующих условий постановки теста ALE: использование антибактериального агента в субингибирующей или динамически увеличивающейся концентрации относительно минимальной подавляющей концентрации предкового штамма, выполнение определенного количества пассажей в течение 20 поколений и более, инкубация посевов до достижения стационарной фазы и т.п. Несмотря на то что эксперименты ALE являются достаточно длительными, данные исследования позволяют сократить потенциальный расход ресурсов при разработке соединения, производство которого может быть прекращено из-за развития резистентности.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. High rates of emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistan­ce (AMR) necessitate the rapid development of novel antibacterial medicinal products. The assessment of the microbial potential for AMR development under controlled conditions in vitro can save resources during drug development and marketing authorisation and contribute to creating the most effective medicinal products.</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. The aim was to determine the possibility of using the adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) method to study the development of antimicrobial resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. A variety of methods can be used to investigate the mechanisms of AMR and the influence of medicinal products on the evolution of bacteria towards AMR. One of the options is the ALE method. ALE experiments are conducted under controlled conditions with prolonged exposure of microorganisms to an antibacterial agent. ALE experiments can include serial transfers of microorganisms to fresh liquid media or Petri dishes, as well as continuous cultivation of microorganisms in a chemostat. ALE protocols are used to develop resistance to different antibacterial agents and require meticulous control of the experimental conditions. To obtain reliable results in an experiment, it is necessary to identify parameters that may affect AMR development in microorganisms. These parameters include but are not limited to the concentration of the antibacterial agent, the number of consecutive passages, and the duration of incubation.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. To achieve the necessary conditions for resistant microorganisms to form, it is essential to adhere strictly to ALE setup requirements, such as using antibacterial agents at subinhibitory or dynamically increasing concentrations (relative to the minimum inhibitory concentrations for the ancestral strain), performing a certain number of passages for ≥20 generations, and incubating cultures until the stationary phase. Despite the fact that ALE experiments are rather lengthy, these studies can reduce the potential waste of resources on developing new compounds that may have to be discontinued at the stage of production because of AMR development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>антибактериальные препараты</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>формирование устойчивости</kwd><kwd>адаптивная лабораторная эволюция</kwd><kwd>ALE</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>antibacterial agents</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial resistance</kwd><kwd>AMR</kwd><kwd>resistance development</kwd><kwd>adaptive laboratory evolution</kwd><kwd>ALE</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et al. Antimicrobial resistance: A growing serious threat for global public health. 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