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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2023-564</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-564</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ требований к проведению исследований ингаляционной токсичности химических веществ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Requirements for Inhalation Toxicity Studies of Chemicals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вернер</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verner</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вернер Анна Олеговна</p><p>SPIN-код: 7620-7211</p><p>Ул. Лесопарковая, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, 195043</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna O. Verner</p><p>SPIN-код: 7620-7211</p><p>4 Lesoparkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 195043</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.verner99@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-9190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Устинова Татьяна Михайловна, канд. биол. наук</p><p>Ул. Лесопарковая, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, 195043</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana M. Ustinova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>4 Lesoparkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 195043</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_5@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8596-6469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коньшаков</surname><given-names>Ю. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kon’shakov</surname><given-names>Yu. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коньшаков Юрий Олегович, канд. мед. наук</p><p>Ул. Лесопарковая, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, 195043</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yury O. Kon`shakov, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p><p>4 Lesoparkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 195043</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_5@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-341X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венгерович</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vengerovich</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Венгерович Николай Григорьевич, д-р мед. наук, доцент</p><p>Ул. Лесопарковая, д. 4, Санкт-Петербург, 195043</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay G. Vengerovich, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p><p>4 Lesoparkovaya St., Saint Petersburg 195043</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gniiivm_5@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт военной медицины» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вернер А.О., Устинова Т.М., Коньшаков Ю.О., Венгерович Н.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вернер А.О., Устинова Т.М., Коньшаков Ю.О., Венгерович Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Verner A.O., Ustinova T.M., Kon’shakov Y.O., Vengerovich N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/564">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/564</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ</title><p>АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ. Изучение токсичности химических веществ при ингаляционном введении имеет ряд особенностей, вызывающих затруднения при планировании эксперимента. Параметрами выбора при этом являются: вид экспериментальных животных, тип ингаляционной установки и способ ингаляции (динамический или статический).</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ практики применения нормативных требований к проведению доклинических исследований токсичности химических веществ при их ингаляционном введении.</p></sec><sec><title>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ</title><p>ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Проведен сравнительный анализ требований международных и отечественных стандартов (ГОСТ 32542-2013, ГОСТ 32643-2020, ГОСТ 32636-2020, ГОСТ 32383-2013, ГОСТ 32646-2014) по исследованию ингаляционной токсичности химических веществ. Показано, что совершенствование нормативной правовой базы связано с внедрением правил надлежащей лабораторной практики и использованием риск-ориентированного подхода к определению классов опасности исследуемых веществ. Отмечено, что класс опасности вещества определяют у грызунов без переноса дозовой зависимости на человека. Выявлены различия основных правил проведения ингаляционного воздействия в исследованиях на грызунах при изучении острой, подострой, субхронической и хронической токсичности. Описаны современные подходы, позволяющие оценивать ингаляционную токсичность химических веществ и лекарственных средств с помощью тестов in vitro, заменяющих исследования на животных.</p></sec><sec><title>ВЫВОДЫ</title><p>ВЫВОДЫ. Согласно действующим нормативным документам объектом исследований ингаляционной токсичности являются крысы/мыши, которые имеют анатомические различия с человеком. В качестве альтернативы исследованиям на животных разрабатываются и валидируются методы in vitrо, которые требуют рассмотрения и утверждения регуляторными органами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE</title><p>SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. Studies of the inhalation administration of chemicals are associated with challenges in designing experiments. The parameters to be selected include the experimental animal species, the inhalation chamber, and the mode of inhalation (dynamic or static).</p></sec><sec><title>AIM</title><p>AIM. This study aimed to analyse the practical application of regulatory requirements to non-clinical studies of the inhalation toxicity of chemicals.</p></sec><sec><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>DISCUSSION. This review compares international and Russian standards for studying the inhalation toxicity of chemicals, including GOST 32542-2013, GOST 326432020, GOST 32636-2020, GOST 32383-2013, and GOST 2646-2014. The improvement of the legal and regulatory framework correlates with adopting the Good Laboratory Practice and the risk-based approach to categorising test substances into hazard classes. Hazard classes are determined in rodents without dose extrapolation to humans. The authors present the differences between the main guidelines on inhalation exposure in rodent studies of acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity. The article describes current approaches to assessing the inhalation toxicity of chemicals, which allow researchers to replace animal studies with in vitro tests.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. According to the current regulatory standards, inhalation toxicity is studied in rats/mice, which have anatomical differences from humans. As an alternative to animal studies, researchers are developing and validating in vitro methods, which yet require regulatory review and approval.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингаляционное введение</kwd><kwd>острая токсичность</kwd><kwd>подострая токсичность</kwd><kwd>субхроническая токсичность</kwd><kwd>хроническая токсичность</kwd><kwd>надлежащая лабораторная практика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inhalation administration</kwd><kwd>acute toxicity</kwd><kwd>subacute toxicity</kwd><kwd>subchronic toxicity</kwd><kwd>chronic toxicity</kwd><kwd>good laboratory practices</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was performed without external funding.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolfreys A, Kilgour J, Allen AD, Dudal S, Freke M, Jones D, et al. 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