<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2019-9-4-261-264</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рентгенофазовый анализ кристаллических форм линезолида при контроле качества фармацевтической субстанции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Linezolid Crystalline Forms as Part of Quality Control</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2533-8142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмин</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmin</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузьмин Владимир Семенович - доктор химических наук.</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>VladimirS. Kuzmin - Dr. Sci. (Chem.).</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">KuzminVS@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8514-7471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернышев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyshev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чернышев Владимир Васильевич - доктор физико-математических наук.</p><p>Ленинские Горы, д. 1, стр. 3, Москва, 119991</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Chernyshev - Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.).</p><p>1/3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvc1955@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-5245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лутцева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luttseva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лутцева Анна Ивановна - кандидат фармацевтических наук.</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna I. Luttseva - Cand. Sci. (Pharm.).</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Lutceva@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>261</fpage><lpage>264</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмин В.С., Чернышев В.В., Лутцева А.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин В.С., Чернышев В.В., Лутцева А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmin V.S., Chernyshev V.V., Luttseva A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/273">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/273</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа является продолжением исследований по применению метода рентгенофазового анализа (РФА) для подтверждения подлинности лекарственных средств, обладающих полиморфизмом.</p><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: сравнительный анализ образцов субстанции линезолида разных производителей методом РФА.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: измерения проводили на порошковом дифрактометре Empyrean (PANalytical, Нидерланды) с линейным твердофазным детектором X’Celerator с использованием CuKα-излучения и никелевого фильтра. Результаты регистрировали при длинах волн излучения 1,5406 и 1,5444 А с соотношением интенсивностей в дублете 2:1. Для количественной оценки использовали двухфазное уточнение полученных дифрактограмм методом Ритвельда.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: проведено сравнение дифрактограмм трех промышленных образцов линезолида. Выявленные различия проанализированы на основании имеющихся в литературе данных о полиморфных модификациях линезолида. Установлено, что только формы II и IV следует считать различными полиморфными модификациями линезолида.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: установлено, что образцы субстанции линезолида разных производителей могут представлять собой различные полиморфные модификации или их смеси. Для оценки качества фармацевтической субстанции линезолида методом рентгенофазового анализа необходимо сравнение полученных результатов с дифрактограммой стандартного образца формы IV и включение данного требования в нормативную документацию на лекарственное средство.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work is a continuation of research on the use of X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) for identification of medicines that exhibit polymorphism.</p><p>The aim of the paper was to perform comparative XRD analysis of linezolid samples produced by different manufacturers.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: the measurements were performed using an Empyrean X-ray powder diffraction system (PANalytical, Netherlands) with an X’Celerator linear solid-state detector using Ni-filtered CuKa radiation. The results were recorded at 1.5406 and 1.5444 А with the intensity ratio in the doublet of 2:1. The two-phase Rietveld refinement of the obtained diffractograms was used for the quantitative analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the authors compared diffractograms of three commercial samples of linezolid. The revealed differences were analysed taking into consideration available literature on the polymorphic forms of linezolid. It was demonstrated that only forms II and IV should be considered as different polymorphs of linezolid.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: the study demonstrated that linezolid samples produced by different manufacturers could represent different polymorphs or mixtures thereof. The evaluation of linezolid quality by X-ray diffraction analysis requires the comparison of the obtained results with the diffractogram of the form IV reference standard. Relevant information should be provided by manufacturers in the product specification file.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспертиза качества</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>линезолид</kwd><kwd>рентгенофазовый анализ</kwd><kwd>конформеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quality control</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>linezolid</kwd><kwd>X-ray diffraction analysis</kwd><kwd>conformers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00154-19-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР AAAA-A18-118021590049-0)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study reported in this publication was carried out as part of a publicly funded research project No. 056-00154-19-00 and was supported by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products (R&amp;D public accounting No. AAAA-A18-118021590049-0)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин ВС, Чернышев ВВ, Лутцева АИ. Рентгеновская порошковая дифрактометрия: контроль качества лекарственных средств. Ведомости Научного центра экспертизы средств медицинского применения. 2018;(3):158-61. https://doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2018-8-3-158-161</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin VS, Chernyshev VV, Luttseva AI. X-ray powder diffraction in quality control of medicines. Vedomosti Nauchnogo tsentra ekspertizy sredstv meditsinskogo primeneniya = The Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products. 2018;(3):158-61 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2018-8-3-158-161</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ефременкова ОВ, Белоусов ЮБ. Линезолид — первый препарат нового класса антибактериальных средств оксазолидинонов. Качественная клиническая практика. 2002;(2):2-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efremenkova OV, Belousov YuB. Linezolid — the first drug of a new class of antibacterial agents oxazolidinones. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika = Good Clinical Practice. 2002;(2):2-11 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brickner SJ, Hutchinson DK, Barbachyn MR, Manninen PR, Ula-nowicz DA, Garmon SA, et al. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of U-100592 and U-100766, two oxazolidinone antibacterial agents for the potential treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. J Med Chem. 1996;39(3):673-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9509556</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brickner SJ, Hutchinson DK, Barbachyn MR, Manninen PR, Ulanowicz DA, Garmon SA, et al. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of U-100592 and U-100766, two oxazolidinone antibacterial agents for the potential treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections. J Med Chem. 1996;39(3):673-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9509556</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergren MS. Linezolid — crystal form II. Patent No. US6559305B1; 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergren MS. Linezolid — crystal form II. Patent No. US6559305B1; 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohan Rao D, Krishna Reddy P. A novel crystalline form of linezolid. Patent No. W0/2005/035530; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohan Rao D, Krishna Reddy P. A novel crystalline form of linezolid. Patent No. W0/2005/035530; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aronhime J, Koltai T, Braude V, Fine S, Niddam T. Crystalline form IV of linezolid. Patent No. W0/2006/004922; 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aronhime J, Koltai T, Braude V, Fine S, Niddam T. Crystalline form IV of linezolid. Patent No. W0/2006/004922; 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joshipura D, Kulshrestha A. Crystal forms of linezolid. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2013;5(1):279-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joshipura D, Kulshrestha A. Crystal forms of linezolid. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 2013;5(1):279-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maccaroni E, Alberti E, Malpezzi L, Masciocchi N, Vladiskovic C. Polymorphism of linezolid: a combined single-crystal, powder diffraction and NMR study. Int J Pharm. 2008;351(1-2):144-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.09.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maccaroni E, Alberti E, Malpezzi L, Masciocchi N, Vladiskovic C. Polymorphism of linezolid: a combined single-crystal, powder diffraction and NMR study. Int J Pharm. 2008;351(1-2):144-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.09.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karagiannidou EG. Solid state characterization of linezolid crystal forms. International Journal of Analytical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2013;2(2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256684948_Solid_State_Characterization_of_Linezolid_Crystal_forms</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karagiannidou EG. Solid state characterization of linezolid crystal forms. International Journal of Analytical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. 2013;2(2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256684948_Solid_State_Characterization_of_Linezolid_Crystal_forms</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun M, Hu X, Zhou X, Gu J. Determination of minor quantities of linezolid polymorphs in a drug substance and tablet formulation by powder X-ray diffraction technique. Powder Diffraction. 2017;32(2):78-85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715617000069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun M, Hu X, Zhou X, Gu J. Determination of minor quantities of linezolid polymorphs in a drug substance and tablet formulation by powder X-ray diffraction technique. Powder Diffraction. 2017;32(2):78-85. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0885715617000069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zlokazov VB, Chernyshev VV. MRIA — a program for a full profile analysis of powder multiphase neutron-diffraction time-of-flight (direct and Fourier) spectra. J Appl Cryst. 1992;25:447-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zlokazov VB, Chernyshev VV. MRIA — a program for a full profile analysis of powder multiphase neutron-diffraction time-of-flight (direct and Fourier) spectra. J Appl Cryst. 1992;25:447-51.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadam AM, Patil SS. Improvement of micromeritic, compressibility and solubility characteristics of linezolid by crystallo-co-agglom-eration technique. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2017;9(4):47-53. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i4.18915</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadam AM, Patil SS. Improvement of micromeritic, compressibility and solubility characteristics of linezolid by crystallo-co-agglom-eration technique. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2017;9(4):47-53. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i4.18915</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
