<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vedomostiregmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регуляторные исследования и экспертиза лекарственных средств</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-3062</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3034-3453</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Institution ‘Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBI ‘SCEEMP’)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30895/1991-2919-2019-9-2-85-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vedomostiregmed-241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к определению биологической активности инсулина и его аналогов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Approaches to Determination of the Biological Activity of Insulin and Its Analogues</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-8131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батуашвили</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batuashvili</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Батуашвили Тамара Ариеловна - кандидат биологических наук.</p><p> Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara A. Batuashvili - Cand. Sci. (Biol.).</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batuashvili@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-8756</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симутенко</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simutenko</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симутенко Людмила Васильевна - кандидат биологических наук.</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila V. Simutenko - Cand. Sci. (Biol.).</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simutenko@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7143-8227</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадрин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шадрин Павел Валерьевич - эксперт 1 категории лаборатории фармакологии ИЦЭКЛС.</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Shadrin.</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shadrin@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-952X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неугодова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neugodova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Неугодова Наталия Петровна - кандидат биологических наук.</p><p>Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, Москва, 127051</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Neugodova - Cand. Sci. (Biol.).</p><p>8/2 Petrovsky Blvd, Moscow 127051</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neugodova@expmed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Батуашвили Т.А., Симутенко Л.В., Шадрин П.В., Неугодова Н.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Батуашвили Т.А., Симутенко Л.В., Шадрин П.В., Неугодова Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Batuashvili T.A., Simutenko L.V., Shadrin P.V., Neugodova N.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/241">https://www.vedomostincesmp.ru/jour/article/view/241</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены особенности действия инсулина на организм пациента, виды препаратов инсулина и его аналогов, применяемые для лечения сахарного диабета, и предъявляемые к ним требования. Показано, что определение биологической активности является одним из главных показателей качества данной группы препаратов. Приведено краткое описание методов анализа инсулина и его аналогов, основанных как на действии гормона на организм в целом (in vivo: двойной перекрест, эугликемический клэмп), так и на отдельных этапах его взаимодействия с системами организма (in vitro: рецепторно-связывающий анализ, фосфорилирование, метаболические методы). В связи с появлением на фармацевтическом рынке биоаналогов инсулина, в статье поднимается вопрос о необходимости сохранения в нормативных документах показателя «Биологическая активность», выполняемого на животных. Проведенный анализ методов определения биологической активности in vivo и in vitro убедительно показывает невозможность замены моделей с использованием животных на существующие в настоящее время методы анализа, выполняемые на клеточных культурах. Следовательно, модели на животных по-прежнему необходимы, так как только они позволяют дать адекватную оценку качества инсулинов по показателю «Биологическая активность». Принимая во внимание мировые тенденции к сокращению использования животных в испытаниях, авторы указывают на необходимость разработки методов, результаты которых будут сопоставимы с результатами определения биологической активности in vivo.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper considers insulin’s specific action on the patient’s body, types of insulin preparations and insulin analogues which are used for the treatment of diabetes, as well as applicable requirements for these products. It was demonstrated that determination of biological activity is one of the key quality parameters of this type of medicines. The paper summarises the methods used for evaluation of insulin and its analogues, which are based both on the hormone’s general action on the body (in vivo: double crossing, euglycemic clamp, etc.), and on certain aspects of the hormone’s interaction with the body systems (in vitro: receptor-binding assay, phosphorylation, metabolic methods). Due to the appearance of insulin biosimilars on the pharmaceutical market, the article raises the issue that the «Biological potency» parameter tested in animals should be kept as part of the product specification. The analysis of the in vivo and in vitro methods of biological activity determination convincingly demonstrates that animal models can not be replaced with the modern analytical methods based on cell cultures. Consequently, animal models are still necessary, as they allow for an adequate assessment of the quality of insulins in terms of «Biological potency». Taking into account the global trend towards reduction of animal testing, the authors point out the need to develop modern methods, the results of which will be comparable to the results of in vivo determination of the biological activity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсулин</kwd><kwd>аналоги инсулина</kwd><kwd>биоподобные препараты</kwd><kwd>биоаналоги</kwd><kwd>биологическая активность</kwd><kwd>методы in vivo и in vitro</kwd><kwd>ИР-1 и ИР-2</kwd><kwd>рецепторно-связывающий анализ</kwd><kwd>фосфорилирование</kwd><kwd>метаболическая активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulin</kwd><kwd>insulin analogues</kwd><kwd>biosimilars</kwd><kwd>biological activity</kwd><kwd>in vivo and in vitro methods</kwd><kwd>IR-1 and IR-2</kwd><kwd>receptorbinding assay</kwd><kwd>phosphorylation</kwd><kwd>metabolic activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУ «НЦЭСМП» Минздрава России № 056-00154-19-00 на проведение прикладных научных исследований (номер государственного учета НИР AAAA-A18-118021590049-0)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study reported in this publication was carried out as part of a publicly funded research project No. 056-00154-19-00 and was supported by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products (R&amp;D public accounting No. AAAA-A18-118021590049-0)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прозоровский ВН, Лохов ПГ, Маслов ДЛ, Ипатова ОМ. Структурно-функциональные особенности инсулина и механизма его действия. Биомедицинская химия. 2003;49(1):46-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prozorovskiy VN, Lokhov PG, Maslov DL, Ipatova OM. Structurally functional features of insulin and mechanism of its action. Biomeditsinskaya khimiya = Biomedical Chemistry. 2003;49(1):46-62 (In Russ.) PMID: 14569873</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaykov AN, Mayer JP, DiMarchi RD. Pursuit of a perfect insulin. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15(6):425-39. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2015.36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaykov AN, Mayer JP, DiMarchi RD. Pursuit of a perfect insulin. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15(6):425-39. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2015.36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баирамашвили ДИ. Генноинженерный инсулин человека: успехи и перспективы. Российский химический журнал. 2005;XLIX(1):34— 45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bairamashvili DI. Genetically engineered human insulin: success and prospects. Rossiyskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal = Russian Journal of General Chemistry. 2005;XLIX(1):34-45 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Селиванова ОМ, Гришин СЮ, Глякина АВ, Садгян АС, Ушакова НИ, Глазитская ОВ. Анализ аналогов инсулина и стратегия их дальнейшей разработки. Успехи биологической химии. 2018;58:313-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selivanova OM, Grishin SYu, Glyakina AV, Sad-gyan AS, Ushakova NI, Glazitskaya OV. Analysis of insulin analogues and strategy for their further development. Uspekhi biologicheskoy khimii=Advances in Biological Chemistry. 2018;58:313-46 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nilsson MR. Insulin amyloid at injection sites of patients with diabetes. Amyloid. 2016;23(3):139-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506129.2016.1179183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nilsson MR. Insulin amyloid at injection sites of patients with diabetes. Amyloid. 2016;23(3):139-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/13506129.2016.1179183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Home P, Riddle M, Cefalu WT, Bailey CJ, Bretzel RG, Del Prato S, et al. Insulin therapy in people with type 2 diabetes: opportunities and challenges? Diabetes Care. 2014;37(6):1499-508. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2743</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Home P, Riddle M, Cefalu WT, Bailey CJ, Bretzel RG, Del Prato S, et al. Insulin therapy in people with type 2 diabetes: opportunities and challenges? Diabetes Care. 2014;37(6):1499-508. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-2743</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Galan BE. Insulin glargine 300 U/mL in the management of diabetes: clinical utility and patient perspectives. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;(10):2097-106. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S92123</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Galan BE. Insulin glargine 300 U/mL in the management of diabetes: clinical utility and patient perspectives. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;(10):2097-106. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S92123</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vigneri R, Squatrito S, Sciacca L. Insulin and its analogs: actions via insulin and IGF receptors. Acta Diabetol. 2010;47(4):271-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-010-0215-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vigneri R, Squatrito S, Sciacca L. Insulin and its analogs: actions via insulin and IGF receptors. Acta Diabetol. 2010;47(4):271-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-010-0215-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valund A, Brange J, Drejer K, Jensen I, Markussen J, Ribel U, et al. In vitro and in vivo potency of insulin analogues designed for clinical use. Diabet Med. 1991;8(9):839-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb02122.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valund A, Brange J, Drejer K, Jensen I, Markussen J, Ribel U, et al. In vitro and in vivo potency of insulin analogues designed for clinical use. Diabet Med.	1991;8(9):839-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb02122.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Werner H, Chantelau EA. Differences in bioactivity between human insulin and insulin analogues approved for therapeutic use — compilation of reports from the past 20 years. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2011;3:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-3-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Werner H, Chantelau EA. Differences in bioactivity between human insulin and insulin analogues approved for therapeutic use — compilation of reports from the past 20 years. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2011;3:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-3-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EDQM: Insulin glargine [draft monograph]. Pharmeuropa Online. 2011;23:327-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EDQM: Insulin glargine [draft monograph]. Pharmeuropa Online. 2011;23:327-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шестакова МВ, Викулова ОК. Биосимиляры: презумпция «виновности». Сахарный диабет. 2011;(4):91-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK. Biosimilars: presumption of «guilt». Sakharny diabet = Diabetes Mellitus. 2011;(4):91-9 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heinemann L, Owens D. Biosimilar insulin and insulin antibodies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013;7(4):806-7. PMID: 2391 1160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heinemann L, Owens D. Biosimilar insulin and insulin antibodies. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2013;7(4):806-7. PMID: 2391 1160</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gough S. Biosimilar insulins: opportunities and challenges. Practical Diabetes. 2013;30(4):146-7a. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gough S. Biosimilar insulins: opportunities and challenges. Practical Diabetes. 2013;30(4):146-7a. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi.1763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Проскурина ИА, Майоров АЮ, Горячев ДВ, Бунятян НД. Современные подходы к оценке фармакокинетики и фармакодинамики биоподобных генно-инженерных препаратов человеческого инсулина и аналогов инсулина человека в рамках I фазы клинического исследования. Сахарный диабет. 2016;19(3):251-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proskurina IA, Mayorov AY, Goryachev DV, Bunyatyan ND. Modern approach to the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biosimilar recombinant human insulin and insulin analogues in phase I clinical study. Sakharny diabet = Diabetes Mellitus. 2016;19(3):251-9 (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14341/DM2003446-49</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
